Once the equipment is at the site, the rig is set up. Here are the major systems of a land oil rig:
# Power system
* large diesel engines - burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main source of power
* electrical generators - powered by the diesel engines to provide electrical power
# Mechanical system - driven by electric motors
* hoisting system - used for lifting heavy loads; consists of a mechanical winch (drawworks) with a large steel cable spool, a block-and-tackle pulley and a receiving storage reel for the cable
* turntable - part of the drilling apparatus
# Rotating equipment - used for rotary drilling
* swivel - large handle that holds the weight of the drill string; allows the string to rotate and makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole
* kelly - four- or six-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to the turntable and drill string
* turntable or rotary table - drives the rotating motion using power from electric motors
* drill string - consists of drill pipe (connected sections of about 30 ft / 10 m) and drill collars (larger diameter, heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and places weight on the drill bit)
* drill bit(s) - end of the drill that actually cuts up the rock; comes in many shapes and materials (tungsten carbide steel, diamond) that are specialized for various drilling tasks and rock formations
Posted by bayoeat 1:15 PM0 comments
Labels: Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) and/or shafts in the ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person.[citation needed] They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the earth's crust.
Drilling rigs can be:
* Small and portable, such as those used in mineral exploration drilling, water wells and environmental investigations.
* Huge, capable of drilling through thousands of meters of the Earth's crust. Large "mud pumps" circulate drilling mud (slurry) through the drill bit and up the casing annulus, for cooling and removing the "cuttings" while a well is drilled. Hoists in the rig can lift hundreds of tons of pipe. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or natural gas; and in remote locations there can be permanent living accommodation and catering for crews (which may be more than a hundred). Marine rigs may operate many hundreds of miles or kilometres distant from the supply base with infrequent crew rotation.
Posted by bayoeat 12:35 PM0 comments
Labels: Drilling Rig
There are many types and designs of drilling rigs, with many drilling rigs capable of switching or combining different drilling technologies as needed. Drilling rigs can be described using any of the following attributes:
by power used
* mechanical - the rig uses torque converters, clutches, and transmissions powered by its own engines, often diesel
* electric - the major items of machinery are driven by electric motors, usually with power generated on-site using internal combustion engines
* hydraulic - the rig primarily uses hydraulic power
* pneumatic - the rig is primarily powered by pressurized air
* steam - the rig uses steam-powered engines and pumps (obsolescent after middle of 20th Century)
Posted by bayoeat 12:35 PM0 comments
Labels: Drilling Rig
Auger drilling
Auger drilling is done with a helical screw which is driven into the ground with rotation; the earth is lifted up the borehole by the blade of the screw. Hollow stem Auger drilling is used for environmental drilling, geotechnical drilling, soil engineering and geochemistry reconnaissance work in exploration for mineral deposits. Solid flight augers/bucket augers are used in construction drilling. In some cases, mine shafts are dug with auger drills. Small augers can be mounted on the back of a utility truck, with large augers used for sinking piles for bridge foundations.
Auger drilling is restricted to generally soft unconsolidated material or weak weathered rock. It is cheap and fast.
Posted by bayoeat 12:35 PM
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